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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(5): 447-454, set.-out. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-495912

ABSTRACT

Novos medicamentos para o tratamento do diabetes tipo 1 e tipo 2 foram incorporados à lista de fármacos tradicionais: antidiabéticos orais e insulinas injetáveis. Estas alternativas de tratamento têm novos mecanismos de ação que aproveitam as propriedades antidiabéticas de certos peptídeos como é o caso da amilina ou do peptídeo similar ao glucagon (GLP-1), cujos níveis são deficientes ou insuficientes no diabetes. Isto acontece pelos análogos da amilina ou do GLP-1, embora também possa ser obtido inibindo a enzima que degrada este último. Além disso, encontra-se disponível no mercado um novo sistema para administrar insulina de maneira não-invasiva por meio de inalação. Este artigo resume os resultados mais importantes e atualizados com relação ao mecanismo de ação, eficácia, efeitos adversos e indicações destes fármacos inovadores.


New medicines for the therapy of the type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been incorporated in the list of traditional drugs: oral agents and injectable insulin. These treatment alternatives have a new mechanism of action that takes advantage of the antidiabetic properties of certain peptides such as amylin and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), whose levels are wanting or insufficient in diabetes. This is attained through amylin and GLP-1 analogues, although it can also be achieved by inhibiting the enzyme that degrades the latter. Furthermore, a new system to administer insulin in a noninvasive way through inhalation has become available in the market. This paper summarizes the most important and updated findings on the action mechanism, efficacy, adverse effects and indications of these innovative drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin , Administration, Inhalation , Administration, Oral , Amyloid/agonists , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/analogs & derivatives , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Injections, Subcutaneous , Insulin/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(4): 369-376, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489623

ABSTRACT

Após atingir as metas para os níveis de LDL-colesterol, é imperativo alcançar a meta do HDL-colesterol, por suas conhecidas propriedades antiaterogênicas confirmadas amplamente em muitos estudos epidemiológicos. Esta revisão analisa de maneira objetiva e concisa as diversas alternativas disponíveis na prática clínica diária para aumentar os níveis de HDL-colesterol em nosoos pacientes, com o objetivo de alcançar melhores prognósticos em termos de morbimortalidade cardiovascular.


After having reached the objective for the LDL cholesterol levels, it becomes imperative to reach the objective for HDL cholesterol, known for its anti-atherogenic properties, generally confirmed in many epidemiological studies. This review deals, in a clear and concise manner, with the different alternatives available in daily clinical practice to raise the HDL cholesterol levels of patients, to achieve better outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Exercise , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Niacin/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
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